Common Disorders We Treat

Diagnosis of bone tumours

Bone tumors are abnormal growths or masses of tissue within the bone. While most bone tumors are benign (non-cancerous), some can be malignant (cancerous) and require prompt medical attention. Diagnosing bone tumors accurately is vital for determining the appropriate treatment plan and ensuring the best possible outcomes.The diagnosis typically begins with a thorough review of the patient's
medical history and a physical examination. Various imaging techniques are employed to visualize the bone and identify any abnormalities. These may include: X-rays, MRI, CT, Bone Scans.

Biopsy: It involves the removal of a small sample of tissue from the tumor for examination under a microscope.

Needle Biopsy: A thin needle is inserted into the tumor to extract a tissue sample. This procedure is often guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scan
Surgical Biopsy: Involves the surgical removal of a portion or the entire tumor for examination.

Benign bone lesions

Benign bone tumors are non-cancerous growths that develop within the bone tissue. While they are generally not life-threatening, they can cause pain, discomfort, and other complications depending on their size and location. Common signs and symptoms may include: Pain, Swelling, Restricted Mobility, Fractures. The treatment of benign bone tumors depends on various factors, including the type of tumor, its size, location, and the individual's overall health.

Malignant bone tumours

Malignant bone tumors, also known as primary bone cancers, are abnormal growths of cells within the bones that have the potential to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. These tumors can originate from bone tissue itself or from other tissues that have spread to the bones.

Osteosarcoma: The most common type of primary bone cancer, typically affecting children and young adults. Osteosarcoma usually develops in the long bones of the arms and legs.                                       
Chondrosarcoma: Arising from cartilage cells, chondrosarcoma commonly occurs in the pelvis, thigh bone, and upper arm.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH) of Bone: An aggressive type of bone cancer that primarily affects adults, often occurring in the thigh bone or upper arm.

Early detection of malignant bone tumors is crucial for effective treatment. Symptoms may include persistent bone pain, swelling, fractures without trauma, and unexplained weight loss. Treatment for malignant bone tumors often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Benign soft tissue tumors

Benign soft tissue tumors and reactive lesions are non-cancerous growths that can develop in various parts of the body. While the term "tumor" may sound alarming, it's important to note that these are not cancerous and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. Instead, they grow slowly and are usually well-defined.

Lipomas: These are the most common type of benign soft tissue tumors, consisting of fatty tissue. Lipomas are usually painless and can develop anywhere in the body.

Giant Cell Tumors of Tendon Sheath: These tumors typically form around the joints or tendons of the hands and feet. While they are usually benign, they can cause discomfort or limited mobility.

Fibromas: Fibromas are benign tumors that develop in the fibrous tissue of muscles, tendons, or ligaments. They can vary in size and may cause pain or restricted movement depending on their location.

Ganglion Cysts: These fluid-filled lumps often develop near joints or tendons, most commonly in the wrists and hands. While they are benign, they can cause discomfort or interfere with movement.

Reactive Lesions: These are non-neoplastic proliferations of tissue that occur in response to injury, irritation, or inflammation. Examples include nodular fasciitis, which often presents as a rapidly growing mass.

Malignant soft tissue tumors

Malignant soft tissue tumors, also known as sarcomas, are a rare but serious type of cancer that develops in the soft tissues of the body, such as muscles, tendons, fat, blood vessels, and nerves. These tumors can occur in any part of the body but are most commonly found in the arms, legs, trunk, and abdomen.

Rhabdomyosarcoma: This type of tumor develops from cells that normally develop into skeletal muscles. It often occurs in children and adolescents.

Liposarcoma: Liposarcoma originates in fat cells and can occur anywhere in the body where fat is present.

Synovial Sarcoma: Synovial sarcoma typically affects the soft tissues around joints, such as the knee or ankle.

Fibrosarcoma: Fibrosarcoma arises from fibrous tissue and can develop in various parts of the body.

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST): MPNSTs form in the protective lining of nerves and are often associated with neurofibromatosis.

Treatment for malignant soft tissue tumors often involves a multidisciplinary approach, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

Metastatic bone disease

Metastatic bone disease, also known as secondary bone cancer, occurs when cancer cells from other parts of the body spread to the bones. While any cancer can metastasize to the bones, some of the most common types include breast, lung, prostate, kidney, and thyroid cancers. Once cancer spreads to the bones, it can weaken them, leading to pain, fractures, and other complications. Treatment for
metastatic bone disease aims to alleviate pain, prevent fractures, and improve quality of life.